Why Do Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores) Keep Coming Back? Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

What Are Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores)?

Mouth ulcers, also called canker sores, are small, painful sores inside the mouth. Usually, they appear on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums. Most mouth ulcers are round or oval with a white or yellow center and a red border. Although they are not contagious, they can make eating, drinking, or talking uncomfortable.

Common symptoms of mouth ulcers include:

Pain or burning in the mouth

Redness around the sore

Difficulty eating or drinking

Sometimes mild fever or swollen glands

Why Do Mouth Ulcers Keep Coming Back?

Many people wonder, “Why do canker sores keep coming back?” There are several reasons for recurrent mouth ulcers. Some people are more likely to get them due to their genes. However, other factors can also play a role.

Common causes and risk factors include:

Minor mouth injuries, such as biting your cheek or brushing too hard

Stress or lack of sleep

Certain foods, like citrus fruits, spicy foods, or chocolate

Vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12

Hormonal changes, such as during menstruation

Medical conditions, like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease

Some toothpaste or mouthwash ingredients, like sodium lauryl sulfate

Additionally, a weak immune system can make mouth ulcers more common. If you have frequent sores, it may be helpful to track your triggers.

How Are Mouth Ulcers Diagnosed?

Most of the time, a dentist or doctor can diagnose mouth ulcers by looking at them. Usually, no special tests are needed. However, if ulcers keep coming back or last longer than three weeks, your dentist may suggest blood tests. These tests can check for vitamin deficiencies or other health problems. Sometimes, a small sample of the sore may be taken to rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Mouth Ulcers

Most mouth ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks. Still, there are ways to ease discomfort and speed up healing. Here are some effective treatment options:

Home remedies: Rinse your mouth with salt water or baking soda solution. Avoid spicy or acidic foods. Use a soft toothbrush to prevent irritation.

Over-the-counter products: Gels, creams, or mouth rinses can help reduce pain and swelling. Look for products with benzocaine or hydrogen peroxide.

Prescription treatments: For severe or frequent ulcers, a dentist may prescribe stronger mouth rinses or steroid creams.

However, if you have large, very painful, or long-lasting sores, see your dentist. Sometimes, mouth ulcers can be a sign of a more serious health issue.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

Although mouth ulcers can be hard to prevent, some steps may help reduce how often they appear. Consider these tips for mouth ulcer prevention:

Brush gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush

Avoid foods that trigger your sores, like citrus or spicy dishes

Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water

Choose toothpaste and mouthwash without sodium lauryl sulfate

In addition, regular dental checkups can help spot problems early. If you live in a city with high pollution or hard water, you may need to take extra care of your oral health.

When to See a Dentist

Most mouth ulcers are harmless and heal quickly. However, you should see a dentist if:

Ulcers last longer than three weeks

You have very large or painful sores

Sores keep coming back often

You have trouble eating or drinking

You notice sores along with fever or feeling very tired

Early care can help rule out serious conditions and provide relief.

Conclusion

Mouth ulcers can be annoying, especially if they keep coming back. But with the right care, you can reduce their impact. If mouth ulcers keep coming back, consult a dentist for personalized advice and treatment.

Sources: World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Dental Association